Groundwater systems in Dubai:

SheikhMohammad Al Maktoum created Dubai out of scratch. The discovery for water resources remained ambiguous. How did a multibillion-dollar city manage to create the water supply in the middle of nowhere? The costs of initial investments were extremely high, but higher risk yields greater reward. We will study how Dubai’s natural water resources have impacted the changing environment.

Dubai has two water purification systems. Natural groundwater recharge produces approximately 300 million cubic meters per year and Brackish groundwater is used for the irrigation of date palms, but produces only 200 million cubic meters of water annually. 90% of the groundwater has salt, so relying on two irrigation systems to remove the salt is pivotal to help with the increasing demand of consumers. This is important for zone of aeration because water and air occupy the pore spaces below the surface.

Zone of aeration: Air and water in pores 

Zone of saturation: 

Groundwater is the main “natural” resource for Dubai. The total volume of natural groundwater resource accounts for only 3% of the total water supply. Desalination plants that make sweater potable constitute the remaining 97% of Dubai’s water.  Therefore, Dubai doesn’t get its water naturally, so it relies on alternative resources such as water irrigation systems to extract water resources. A country that has more oil and money, but no water, the cost of purchasing a Dasani water bottle is higher than a liter of gas. Over-abstraction caused a sharp drop in fresh groundwater, salt-water intrusion from the sea in coastal regions in lower stratigraphic units, and water quality problems causing a rise in nitrate concentrations, are all three examples of how Dubai is currently facing environmental water issues due to rapid expansion. This has caused the ground below the water table to cause significant problems for the location due to its sensitivity of its geographic desert location.

Desalination plants supply a vast majority of the drinking water for the Dubai; however, the plants are costly to run and are negatively impacting the Persian Gulf sea.

http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2010/11/22/parched-for-peace-the-uae-has-oil-and-money-but-no-water/

Groundwater systems in Dubai:

Sheikh Mohammad Al Maktoumtransformed a project to a city that is now called Dubai. How did he know that water could have been discovered? Imagine visiting the dessert for the first time. What is your first impression? Typically, desserts have little or no water. So, how did Dubai, create a multibillion dollar city, by managing and regulating the water supply?

We will study Dubai's groundwater supply based on water held underground in the soil or in pores and opening in rock. 

Dubai has two water purification systems. Natural groundwater recharge is approximately 300 million cubic meters per year and Brackish groundwater is used for the irrigation of date palms.Dates are primarily nourished with groundwater and is an "integral part of its culture and during the holy month of Ramadan." This is important because Dubai is capable of supplying its population of 2.106 million people with two huge tanks of irrigation systems using the soil underneath the ground, alternative means of water supply systems, and prospective projects that will shorten the gap of scarcity of water resources due to the rising population and decrease of water. The government is looking to expand its operations in developing and establishing additional units of water irrigation systems. 90% of Dubai's groundwater contains salt. Dates are tolerant with saltwater. 

Zone of aeration: Air and water in pores 

With high summer temperatures and low oxygen, Water Matrix Technologies suggested to use two Air Triton process aerator/mixers to upgrade the existing high-speed surface aerators. This is important because replacing ineffective surface aerators increase dissolved oxygen, provided a high concentration of oxygen, and improved the water consumption 

Zone of saturation: 

Water in pore spaces: Reservoir containing water, oil, and gas are based on the figure to the left showing the fluid distribution before beginning of production above the free-oil level. Water saturation will not be reduced or simplified. The transition zone between the free-oil and free-water levels are on a gradual increase in water saturation. The thickness of the transition zone depends on pore size.

Links used: 

https://www.slb.com/~/media/Files/resources/oilfield_review/ors00/spr00/p30_51.pdf

http://www.wwdmag.com/channel/casestudies/aerators-eliminate-bulking-dubai-treatment-plant

http://www.uaeinteract.com/spanish/news/default.asp?ID=365

Groundwater systems in Dubai:

Sheikh Mohammad Al Maktoum transformed a project to a city that is now called Dubai. How did he know that water could have been discovered? Imagine visiting the dessert for the first time. What is your first impression? Typically, desserts have little or no water. So, how did Dubai, create a multibillion dollar city, by managing and regulating the water supply?

We will study Dubai's groundwater supply based on water held underground in the soil or in pores and opening in rock. 

Dubai has two water purification systems. Natural groundwater recharge is approximately 300 million cubic meters per year and Brackish groundwater is used for the irrigation of date palms. Dates are primarily nourished with groundwater and is an "integral part of its culture and during the holy month of Ramadan." This is important because Dubai is capable of supplying its population of 2.106 million people with two huge tanks of irrigation systems using the soil underneath the ground, alternative means of water supply systems, and prospective projects that will shorten the gap of scarcity of water resources due to the rising population and decrease of water. The government is looking to expand its operations in developing and establishing additional units of water irrigation systems. 90% of Dubai's groundwater contains salt. Dates are tolerant with saltwater. 

Zone of aeration: Air and water in pores 

With high summer temperatures and low oxygen, Water Matrix Technologies suggested to use two Air Triton process aerator/mixers to upgrade the existing high-speed surface aerators. This is important because replacing ineffective surface aerators increase dissolved oxygen, provided a high concentration of oxygen, and improved the water consumption 

Zone of saturation: Water in pore spaces 

Reservoir containing water, oil, and gas is based on the figure showing the fluid distribution in a reservoir before production begins above the free-oil level, water saturation will not be able to be reduced or simplified. The transition zone between the free-oil and free-water levels are on a gradual increase in water saturation. The thickness of the transition zone depends on pore size.

Links used: 

https://www.slb.com/~/media/Files/resources/oilfield_review/ors00/spr00/p30_51.pdf

http://www.wwdmag.com/channel/casestudies/aerators-eliminate-bulking-dubai-treatment-plant

http://www.uaeinteract.com/spanish/news/default.asp?ID=365

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